਀ Johnson, Dorothy M. "Jack Schaefer's People." Introduction to The Short Novels of Jack਀匀挀栀愀攀昀攀爀㰀⼀椀㸀⸀㰀瀀㸀 ਀䰀椀洀攀爀椀挀欀Ⰰ 倀愀琀爀椀挀椀愀 一攀氀猀漀渀⸀  ∀圀栀攀爀攀 琀栀攀 伀愀琀猀 䐀漀渀✀琀 䜀爀漀眀 琀漀 倀攀爀昀攀挀琀椀漀渀⸀∀  刀攀瘀椀攀眀 漀昀 㰀攀洀㸀䈀愀搀 Land, by Jonathan Raban. Times Literary Supplement, February 28, 1997.

਀ ------. "Circling the Wagons." Review of American Frontiers: Cultural Encounters and਀䌀漀渀琀椀渀攀渀琀愀氀 䌀漀渀焀甀攀猀琀㰀⼀攀洀㸀Ⰰ 戀礀 䜀爀攀最漀爀礀 䠀⸀ 一漀戀氀攀猀⸀  㰀攀洀㸀一攀眀 夀漀爀欀 吀椀洀攀猀 䈀漀漀欀 刀攀瘀椀攀眀㰀⼀攀洀㸀Ⰰ 䴀愀爀挀栀 ㄀㘀Ⰰ 1997.

਀ Marsden, Michael T. "The Making of Shane: A Story for All Media." In James C.਀圀漀爀欀Ⰰ 攀搀⸀Ⰰ 㰀椀㸀匀栀愀渀攀㨀 吀栀攀 䌀爀椀琀椀挀愀氀 䔀搀椀琀椀漀渀㰀⼀椀㸀Ⰰ ㌀㌀㠀ⴀ㔀㌀⸀  伀爀椀最椀渀愀氀氀礀 瀀甀戀氀椀猀栀攀搀 愀猀 ∀匀栀愀渀攀㨀 䘀爀漀洀 Magazine Serial to American Classic," South Dakota Review 15 (1977-78): 59-67.

਀ McNamee, Gregory. "Plundered Province: The American West as Literary Region." ਀㰀椀㸀䌀栀爀漀渀椀挀氀攀猀㰀⼀椀㸀Ⰰ 一漀瘀攀洀戀攀爀 ㄀㤀㤀㄀⸀㰀瀀㸀 ਀䴀挀倀栀攀爀猀漀渀Ⰰ 䨀愀洀攀猀 䴀⸀  㰀攀洀㸀䘀漀爀 䌀愀甀猀攀 愀渀搀 䌀漀洀爀愀搀攀猀㨀 圀栀礀 䴀攀渀 䘀漀甀最栀琀 椀渀 琀栀攀 䌀椀瘀椀氀 圀愀爀㰀⼀攀洀㸀⸀  一攀眀 York: Oxford University Press, 1997

਀

See review by Russell F. Weigley.਀㰀⼀戀氀漀挀欀焀甀漀琀攀㸀 Mikkelsen, Robert. "The Western Writer: Jack Schaefer's Use of the Western Frontier." ਀䤀渀 䨀愀洀攀猀 䌀⸀ 圀漀爀欀Ⰰ 攀搀⸀Ⰰ 㰀椀㸀匀栀愀渀攀㨀  吀栀攀 䌀爀椀琀椀挀愀氀 䔀搀椀琀椀漀渀㰀⼀椀㸀Ⰰ ㌀　　ⴀ㌀　㘀⸀  伀爀椀最椀渀愀氀氀礀 瀀甀戀氀椀猀栀攀搀 椀渀 Western Humanities Review 8 (1954).

਀ Nuwer, Henry Joseph. "An Interview with Jack Schaefer." In James C. Work, ed., ਀㰀椀㸀匀栀愀渀攀㨀 吀栀攀 䌀爀椀琀椀挀愀氀 䔀搀椀琀椀漀渀㰀⼀椀㸀Ⰰ ㈀㜀㜀ⴀ㠀㠀⸀  伀爀椀最椀渀愀氀氀礀 瀀甀戀氀椀猀栀攀搀 椀渀 㰀椀㸀匀漀甀琀栀 䐀愀欀漀琀愀 刀攀瘀椀攀眀㰀⼀椀㸀 椀渀 ㄀㤀㜀㌀⸀㰀瀀㸀 ਀倀爀攀猀挀漀琀琀Ⰰ 伀爀瘀椀氀氀攀⸀  ∀䄀 䜀漀漀搀 䴀愀渀 圀椀琀栀 愀 䠀漀爀猀攀⸀∀  刀攀瘀椀攀眀 漀昀 㰀椀㸀䴀漀渀琀攀 圀愀氀猀栀㰀⼀椀㸀 戀礀 䨀愀挀欀 Schaefer. New York Times, September 9, 1963.

਀ Quinones, Ricardo J. "The New American Cain: East of Eden and Other Works of Post-World War II America." Chapter 7 of The Changes of Cain: Violence and the Lost Brother. ਀倀爀椀渀挀攀琀漀渀Ⰰ 一攀眀 䨀攀爀猀攀礀㨀 倀爀椀渀挀攀琀漀渀 唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀 倀爀攀猀猀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㤀㄀⸀㰀瀀㸀 ਀㰀戀氀漀挀欀焀甀漀琀攀㸀䤀渀挀氀甀搀攀猀 愀渀 愀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀 漀昀 㰀攀洀㸀匀栀愀渀攀㰀⼀攀洀㸀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 椀猀 愀氀猀漀 搀椀猀挀甀猀猀攀搀 椀渀 琀栀攀 瘀漀氀甀洀攀✀猀 Introduction.਀㰀⼀戀氀漀挀欀焀甀漀琀攀㸀 Rankin, Chuck. "Clash of Frontiers: A Historical Parallel to Jack Schaefer's Shane. In਀圀漀爀欀Ⰰ 䨀愀洀攀猀 䌀⸀Ⰰ 攀搀⸀Ⰰ 㰀椀㸀匀栀愀渀攀㨀 吀栀攀 䌀爀椀琀椀挀愀氀 䔀搀椀琀椀漀渀㰀⼀椀㸀Ⰰ ㌀ⴀ㄀㔀⸀㰀瀀㸀 ਀刀漀戀椀渀猀漀渀Ⰰ 䘀漀爀爀攀猀琀 䜀⸀  㰀攀洀㸀䠀愀瘀椀渀最 䤀琀 䈀漀琀栀 圀愀礀猀㨀 匀攀氀昀ⴀ匀甀戀瘀攀爀猀椀漀渀 椀渀 圀攀猀琀攀爀渀 倀漀瀀甀氀愀爀 䌀氀愀猀猀椀挀猀㰀⼀攀洀㸀⸀  Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1993.

਀

See especially Chapter 4, "Shane," based on "Heroism, Home, and the਀吀攀氀氀椀渀最 漀昀 㰀攀洀㸀匀栀愀渀攀㰀⼀攀洀㸀∀ ⠀漀爀椀最椀渀愀氀氀礀 瀀甀戀氀椀猀栀攀搀 椀渀 㰀攀洀㸀䄀爀椀稀漀渀愀 儀甀愀爀琀攀爀氀礀㰀⼀攀洀㸀Ⰰ 㐀㔀 嬀㄀㤀㠀㤀崀㨀 㜀㈀ⴀ㄀　　⤀㬀 愀渀搀 䌀栀愀瀀琀攀爀 㔀Ⰰ ∀吀栀攀漀爀攀琀椀挀愀氀 倀漀猀琀猀挀爀椀瀀琀Ⰰ∀ 戀愀猀攀搀 漀渀 琀栀攀 瀀爀攀瘀椀漀甀猀氀礀 published essay "The New Historicism in the Old West."਀㰀⼀戀氀漀挀欀焀甀漀琀攀㸀 Ryan, Margaret. Teaching the Novel in Paperback. New York: Macmillan, 1963.

਀ Scott, Winfield Townley. Introduction to The Collected Stories of Jack Schaefer.

਀ Shor, Rachel. "Jack Schaefer." Wilson Library Bulletin 35 (1961): 471.

਀ Simmons, Marc. "A Salute to Shane." The Roundup 22 (May 1974): 1-2, 9, 11.

਀ ------. Foreword to James C. Work, ed., Shane: The Critical Edition, vii-xii.

਀ Slocum, J. David. "On the Wild Frontier."

਀

Review of Violent Land: Single Men and Social Disorder from the Frontier to the਀䤀渀渀攀爀 䌀椀琀礀㰀⼀攀洀㸀Ⰰ 戀礀 䐀愀瘀椀搀 吀⸀ 䌀漀甀爀琀眀爀椀最栀琀⸀

਀匀洀椀琀栀Ⰰ 䌀⸀ 䔀⸀ 䨀⸀Ⰰ 攀搀⸀Ⰰ 㰀椀㸀䨀愀挀欀 匀挀栀愀攀昀攀爀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀渀 圀攀猀琀㰀⼀椀㸀⸀  䰀漀渀搀漀渀㨀 䰀漀渀最洀愀渀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㜀㠀⸀ 㰀瀀㸀 ਀吀愀礀氀漀爀Ⰰ 䨀⸀ 䜀漀氀搀攀渀Ⰰ 攀搀⸀  㰀椀㸀䄀 䰀椀琀攀爀愀爀礀 䠀椀猀琀漀爀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀渀 圀攀猀琀㰀⼀椀㸀⸀  匀瀀漀渀猀漀爀攀搀 戀礀 琀栀攀 圀攀猀琀攀爀渀 Literature Association. Fort Worth: Texas Christian University Press, 1987.

਀ Thompson, Laura. "Talking Horse." Review of The Man who Listens to Horses by Monte਀刀漀戀攀爀琀猀⸀  㰀攀洀㸀吀椀洀攀猀 䰀椀琀攀爀愀爀礀 匀甀瀀瀀氀攀洀攀渀琀㰀⼀攀洀㸀Ⰰ 䐀攀挀攀洀戀攀爀 㘀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㤀㘀Ⰰ ㈀㜀⸀㰀瀀㸀 ਀吀漀爀爀攀猀Ⰰ 䰀漀甀椀猀⸀  ∀䨀愀挀欀 匀挀栀愀攀昀攀爀⸀∀  䤀渀 㰀愀 栀爀攀昀㴀∀⌀吀甀猀欀愀∀㸀吀甀猀欀愀 愀渀搀 倀椀攀欀愀爀猀欀椀㰀⼀愀㸀⸀㰀瀀㸀 ਀ⴀⴀⴀⴀⴀⴀ⸀  ∀㰀愀 栀爀攀昀㴀∀⸀⸀⼀戀愀挀欀椀猀猀甀⼀猀挀栀愀攀昀攀爀⸀栀琀洀∀㸀䨀愀挀欀 匀挀栀愀攀昀攀爀Ⰰ 吀攀氀氀攀爀 漀昀 吀愀氀攀猀㰀⼀愀㸀⸀∀  㰀攀洀㸀䄀爀椀猀琀漀猀㰀⼀攀洀㸀Ⰰ 伀挀琀漀戀攀爀 愀渀搀 䐀攀挀攀洀戀攀爀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㤀㘀⸀㰀瀀㸀 ਀圀攀爀渀攀爀Ⰰ 䔀洀洀礀 䔀⸀  㰀攀洀㸀倀椀漀渀攀攀爀 䌀栀椀氀搀爀攀渀 漀渀 琀栀攀 䨀漀甀爀渀攀礀 圀攀猀琀㰀⼀攀洀㸀⸀  䈀漀甀氀搀攀爀Ⰰ 䌀漀氀漀爀愀搀漀㨀 圀攀猀琀瘀椀攀眀Ⰰ 1997.

਀

See review by Kenneth Anderson.਀㰀⼀戀氀漀挀欀焀甀漀琀攀㸀 Wheeler, Richard S. "Notes from a Writer of Trash." Chronicles, November 1991,਀㐀㠀ⴀ㔀　⸀ 㰀瀀㸀 ਀ⴀⴀⴀⴀⴀⴀ⸀∀吀栀攀 䈀攀猀琀 椀渀 琀栀攀 圀攀猀琀⸀∀  㰀攀洀㸀刀漀甀渀搀甀瀀⸀㰀⼀攀洀㸀㰀瀀㸀 ਀圀椀氀氀椀愀洀猀漀渀Ⰰ 䌀栀椀氀琀漀渀Ⰰ 䨀爀⸀  ∀匀瀀愀挀攀 䄀爀琀⸀∀  刀攀瘀椀攀眀 漀昀 㰀椀㸀一攀眀 䜀爀漀甀渀搀㨀 圀攀猀琀攀爀渀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀渀 Narrative and the Literary Canon, by A. Carl Bredahl. Chronicles, February 1990, 30-31.

਀ ------. "Western Is as Western Does." Chronicles, February 1990, 12-13.

਀

਀ Work, James C. "Settlement Waves and Coordinate Forces in Shane." In Shane: The਀䌀爀椀琀椀挀愀氀 䔀搀椀琀椀漀渀㰀⼀椀㸀Ⰰ ㌀　㜀ⴀ㄀㠀⸀  伀爀椀最椀渀愀氀氀礀 瀀甀戀氀椀猀栀攀搀 椀渀 㰀椀㸀圀攀猀琀攀爀渀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀渀 䰀椀琀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀㰀⼀椀㸀 ㄀㐀 ⠀㄀㤀㜀㐀⤀㨀 191-200.

਀ ------. Shane: The Critical Edition. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1984.

਀

---

਀㰀瀀㸀 ਀㰀瀀㸀 ਀㰀栀㈀㸀㰀愀 渀愀洀攀㴀∀䈀愀挀欀最爀漀甀渀搀 匀漀甀爀挀攀猀∀㸀䈀愀挀欀最爀漀甀渀搀 匀漀甀爀挀攀猀㰀⼀愀㸀㰀⼀栀㈀㸀 [Bibliographic information is incomplete for some items.]

਀

਀䄀最攀攀Ⰰ 䨀漀渀椀猀⸀  ∀吀栀漀爀攀愀甀 椀渀 䈀椀最ⴀ匀欀礀 䌀漀甀渀琀爀礀⸀∀  刀攀瘀椀攀眀 漀昀 㰀椀㸀䌀漀礀漀琀攀 圀椀渀搀㰀⼀椀㸀Ⰰ 戀礀 倀攀琀攀爀 䈀漀眀攀渀⸀  New York Times.

਀ Ahearn, Kerry. "Larry McMurtry." In Erisman and Etulain, eds., Fifty Western Writers,਀㈀㠀　ⴀ㤀　⸀㰀瀀㸀 ਀䄀猀琀爀漀Ⰰ 刀椀挀栀愀爀搀⸀  ∀䨀漀栀渀 匀琀攀椀渀戀攀挀欀⸀∀  䤀渀 䔀爀椀猀洀愀渀 愀渀搀 䔀琀甀氀愀椀渀Ⰰ 攀搀猀⸀Ⰰ 㰀椀㸀䘀椀昀琀礀 圀攀猀琀攀爀渀 圀爀椀琀攀爀猀㰀⼀椀㸀Ⰰ 477-87.

਀ ------. "John Steinbeck." In J. Golden Taylor, ed., A Literary History of the American਀圀攀猀琀⸀  㰀⼀椀㸀㰀瀀㸀 ਀䈀氀愀挀欀洀甀爀Ⰰ 刀椀挀栀愀爀搀 倀⸀  䤀渀琀爀漀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀 琀漀 䠀攀渀爀礀 䨀愀洀攀猀Ⰰ 㰀椀㸀吀栀攀 䄀爀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 一漀瘀攀氀㰀⼀椀㸀⸀㰀瀀㸀 ਀䈀爀愀搀昀漀爀搀Ⰰ 䴀⸀ 䔀⸀  ∀䤀洀愀最椀渀椀渀最 琀栀攀 圀攀猀琀⸀∀  㰀椀㸀䌀栀爀漀渀椀挀氀攀猀㰀⼀椀㸀Ⰰ 一漀瘀攀洀戀攀爀 ㄀㤀㤀㄀Ⰰ ㌀㈀ⴀ㌀㐀⸀    㰀瀀㸀 ਀䈀爀攀搀愀栀氀Ⰰ 䄀⸀ 䌀愀爀氀⸀  ∀䤀渀猀挀爀椀戀椀渀最 琀栀攀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀渀 䘀爀漀渀琀椀攀爀⸀∀  㰀椀㸀䌀栀爀漀渀椀挀氀攀猀㰀⼀椀㸀Ⰰ 一漀瘀攀洀戀攀爀 ㄀㤀㤀㄀Ⰰ 26-30.

਀ ------. New Ground: Western American Narrative and the Literary Canon. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1989.

਀ Brinkley, Alan. "The Western Historians: Don't Fence Them In." New York Times Book਀刀攀瘀椀攀眀㰀⼀椀㸀Ⰰ 匀攀瀀琀攀洀戀攀爀 ㈀　Ⰰ ㄀㤀㤀㈀⸀  㰀瀀㸀 ਀䈀爀漀最愀渀Ⰰ 䠀甀最栀⸀  ∀䌀爀椀琀椀挀椀稀攀㼀  吀栀攀 䠀攀氀氀 夀漀甀 圀椀氀氀⸀∀  刀攀瘀椀攀眀 漀昀 㰀椀㸀䨀漀栀渀 圀愀礀渀攀㨀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀渀㰀⼀椀㸀Ⰰ 戀礀 Randy Roberts and James S. Olson. Times Literary Supplement, June 28, 1996, 19.

਀ Brown, Dee. The American West. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1994.

਀ Butler, Jack. "The Irresistible Gunfighter." Review of Anything for Billy, by Larry਀䴀挀䴀甀爀琀爀礀⸀  㰀椀㸀一攀眀 夀漀爀欀 吀椀洀攀猀 䈀漀漀欀 刀攀瘀椀攀眀㰀⼀椀㸀Ⰰ 伀挀琀漀戀攀爀 ㄀㘀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㠀㠀⸀  㰀瀀㸀 ਀䌀栀漀眀搀攀爀Ⰰ 䬀攀渀⸀  ∀䄀 圀爀椀琀攀爀 圀栀漀 䰀椀瘀攀搀 琀栀攀 䄀搀瘀攀渀琀甀爀攀猀 䠀攀 倀漀爀琀爀愀礀攀搀 嬀匀琀攀瀀栀攀渀 䌀爀愀渀攀崀⸀∀  Smithsonian, [Date to be supplied: '96 or '95.]

਀ Combs, Richard. "The First Cut Is Still the Bleakest." Review of The Wild Bunch and My਀䐀愀爀氀椀渀最 䌀氀攀洀攀渀琀椀渀攀㰀⼀椀㸀 ⠀挀氀愀猀猀椀挀 眀攀猀琀攀爀渀 昀椀氀洀猀⤀⸀  㰀椀㸀吀椀洀攀猀 䰀椀琀攀爀愀爀礀 匀甀瀀瀀氀攀洀攀渀琀㰀⼀椀㸀Ⰰ 一漀瘀攀洀戀攀爀 ㄀　Ⰰ 1995, 35.

਀ Cooper, John Milton, Jr. "Only the Dead Could Forget: A Soldier's-Eye View of the War਀琀栀愀琀 䴀愀搀攀 琀栀攀 䴀攀渀 圀栀漀 䴀愀搀攀 琀栀攀 刀攀猀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 ㈀　琀栀 䌀攀渀琀甀爀礀⸀∀  刀攀瘀椀攀眀 漀昀 㰀椀㸀吀栀攀 䘀椀爀猀琀 圀漀爀氀搀 War: A Complete History, by Martin Gilbert. New York Times Book Review, January, 1995.

਀ Courtwright, David T. Violent Land: Single Men and Social Disorder From the Frontier to਀琀栀攀 䤀渀渀攀爀 䌀椀琀礀㰀⼀椀㸀⸀  䌀愀洀戀爀椀搀最攀㨀 䠀愀爀瘀愀爀搀 唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀 倀爀攀猀猀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㤀㜀⸀㰀瀀㸀 ਀䌀爀愀渀攀Ⰰ 匀琀攀瀀栀攀渀⸀  㰀椀㸀吀栀攀 刀攀搀 䈀愀搀最攀 漀昀 䌀漀甀爀愀最攀㰀⼀椀㸀⸀㰀瀀㸀 ਀䌀爀漀渀漀渀Ⰰ 圀椀氀氀椀愀洀Ⰰ 䜀攀漀爀最攀 䴀椀氀攀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 䨀愀礀 䜀椀琀琀氀椀渀Ⰰ 攀搀猀⸀  㰀椀㸀唀渀搀攀爀 愀渀 伀瀀攀渀 匀欀礀㨀  刀攀琀栀椀渀欀椀渀最 America's Western Past. New York: W. W. Norton, 1992.

਀ Denby, David. "How the West Was Lost." Review of Unforgiven (film). New York਀䴀愀最愀稀椀渀攀㰀⼀椀㸀Ⰰ 䄀甀最甀猀琀 ㈀㐀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㤀㈀⸀  㰀瀀㸀 ਀䐀漀渀愀氀搀Ⰰ 䐀愀瘀椀搀 䠀攀爀戀攀爀琀⸀  ∀圀栀礀 吀栀攀礀 䘀漀甀最栀琀⸀∀ 㰀椀㸀吀椀洀攀猀 䰀椀琀攀爀愀爀礀 匀甀瀀瀀氀攀洀攀渀琀㰀⼀椀㸀Ⰰ 䨀甀渀攀 㤀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㤀㔀Ⰰ 11.

਀

Review of three books on the American Civil War: The Battle of the਀圀椀氀搀攀爀渀攀猀猀Ⰰ 䴀愀礀 㔀ⴀ㘀Ⰰ ㄀㠀㘀㐀㰀⼀椀㸀Ⰰ 戀礀 䜀漀爀搀漀渀 䌀⸀ 刀栀攀愀㬀 䜀攀琀琀礀猀戀甀爀最Ⰰ 戀礀 䬀攀渀琀 䜀爀愀洀洀㬀 and What They Fought For, 1861-1865, by James McPherson. ਀㰀⼀戀氀漀挀欀焀甀漀琀攀㸀 Engel, Joel. "Forgiving the Sins, Loving the Sinner." New York Times, August 9, 1992.

਀ Etulain, Richard W. Western American Literature: A Bibliography of Interpretive Books and਀䄀爀琀椀挀氀攀猀㰀⼀椀㸀⸀  嘀攀爀洀椀氀椀愀渀Ⰰ 匀漀甀琀栀 䐀愀欀漀琀愀㨀 䐀愀欀漀琀愀 倀爀攀猀猀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㜀㈀⸀  㰀瀀㸀 ਀䘀爀愀渀琀稀Ⰰ 䨀漀攀 䈀攀爀琀爀愀洀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 䨀甀氀椀愀渀 䔀爀渀攀猀琀Ⰰ 䨀爀⸀  㰀椀㸀吀栀攀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀渀 䌀漀眀戀漀礀㨀 吀栀攀 䴀礀琀栀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 Reality. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1955.

਀ Fraser, Caroline. "The Prairie Queen." New York Review of Books, December 22, 1994,਀㌀㠀ⴀ㐀㔀⸀㰀瀀㸀 ਀㰀戀氀漀挀欀焀甀漀琀攀㸀刀攀瘀椀攀眀 漀昀 㰀椀㸀吀栀攀 䜀栀漀猀琀 椀渀 琀栀攀 䰀椀琀琀氀攀 䠀漀甀猀攀㨀 䄀 䰀椀昀攀 漀昀 刀漀猀攀 圀椀氀搀攀爀 䰀愀渀攀㰀⼀椀㸀Ⰰ 戀礀 圀椀氀氀椀愀洀 Holtz; The First Four Years, by Laura Ingalls Wilder; A Little House Sampler,਀戀礀 䰀愀甀爀愀 䤀渀最愀氀氀猀 圀椀氀搀攀爀 愀渀搀 刀漀猀攀 圀椀氀搀攀爀 䰀愀渀攀㬀 㰀椀㸀圀攀猀琀 昀爀漀洀 䠀漀洀攀㨀 䰀攀琀琀攀爀猀 漀昀 Laura Ingalls Wilder, San Francisco, 1915, edited by Roger Lea McBride. ਀㰀⼀戀氀漀挀欀焀甀漀琀攀㸀 Goodman, Walter. "Winning the West, or Stealing or Losing It." New York Times,਀匀攀瀀琀攀洀戀攀爀 ㄀㐀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㤀㘀⸀㰀瀀㸀 ਀䠀愀最攀渀Ⰰ 䌀栀愀爀氀攀猀⸀  ∀䄀 䠀愀爀搀 䰀漀漀欀 愀琀 琀栀攀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀渀 圀攀猀琀⸀∀  刀攀瘀椀攀眀 漀昀 攀砀栀椀戀椀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 photography by Robert Adams. New York Times, March 1, 1996.

਀ Haskell, Molly. "The First Action Hero." New York Times Book Review, March 23, 1997. ਀刀攀瘀椀攀眀 漀昀 㰀椀㸀䨀漀栀渀 圀愀礀渀攀✀猀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀㨀 吀栀攀 倀漀氀椀琀椀挀猀 漀昀 䌀攀氀攀戀爀椀琀礀㰀⼀椀㸀Ⰰ 戀礀 䜀愀爀礀 圀椀氀氀猀⸀㰀瀀㸀 ਀䠀愀猀氀愀洀Ⰰ 䜀攀爀愀氀搀⸀  䤀渀琀爀漀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀 琀漀 ∀䔀愀爀琀栀 吀漀渀攀猀㨀 䔀琀栀渀椀挀 䔀砀瀀爀攀猀猀椀漀渀 椀渀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀渀 Literature." In J. Golden Taylor, ed., A Literary History of the American West, 1026-1037.

਀ Heatherington, Madelon. "Romance without Women: The Sterile Fiction of the਀䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀渀 圀攀猀琀⸀∀  䤀渀 䈀愀爀戀愀爀愀 䠀漀眀愀爀搀 䴀攀氀搀爀甀洀Ⰰ 攀搀⸀Ⰰ 㰀椀㸀唀渀搀攀爀 琀栀攀 匀甀渀㨀 䴀礀琀栀 愀渀搀 刀攀愀氀椀猀洀 椀渀 Western American Literature. Troy, N. Y.: Whitson Publishing, 1985.

਀ James, Caryn. "Out of Zane Grey's Old West." Review of Riders of the Purple Sage (film਀戀愀猀攀搀 漀渀 琀栀攀 ㄀㤀㄀㈀ 渀漀瘀攀氀 戀礀 娀愀渀攀 䜀爀攀礀⤀⸀  㰀椀㸀一攀眀 夀漀爀欀 吀椀洀攀猀㰀⼀椀㸀Ⰰ    嬀䐀愀琀攀 琀漀 戀攀 猀甀瀀瀀氀椀攀搀㨀 ✀㤀㘀 漀爀 '95.]

਀ ------. "How the West Was Lost (as a Staple of TV)." New York Times, September 15,਀㄀㤀㤀㘀⸀㰀瀀㸀 ਀䨀愀洀攀猀Ⰰ 䠀攀渀爀礀⸀  㰀椀㸀吀栀攀 䄀爀琀 漀昀 䘀椀挀琀椀漀渀㨀 䄀渀搀 伀琀栀攀爀 䔀猀猀愀礀猀㰀⼀椀㸀⸀  䤀渀琀爀漀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀 戀礀 䴀漀爀爀椀猀 刀漀戀攀爀琀猀⸀  New York: Oxford University Press, 1948.

਀ ------. The Art of the Novel: Critical Prefaces. Foreword by W. B. Lewis. Introduction਀戀礀 刀椀挀栀愀爀搀 倀⸀ 䈀氀愀挀欀洀甀爀⸀  嬀倀甀戀⸀ 搀愀琀愀 琀漀 戀攀 猀甀瀀瀀氀椀攀搀⸀崀㰀瀀㸀 ਀䨀愀洀攀猀Ⰰ 圀椀氀氀⸀  㰀椀㸀匀洀漀欀礀 琀栀攀 䌀漀眀栀漀爀猀攀㰀⼀椀㸀⸀  一攀眀 夀漀爀欀㨀 䄀氀愀搀搀椀渀 倀愀瀀攀爀戀愀挀欀猀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㤀㌀⸀  㰀瀀㸀 ਀䨀漀栀渀Ⰰ 䄀渀搀爀攀眀⸀  ∀圀愀礀 伀甀琀 圀攀猀琀⸀∀  㰀椀㸀吀椀洀攀猀 䰀椀琀攀爀愀爀礀 匀甀瀀瀀氀攀洀攀渀琀㰀⼀椀㸀Ⰰ 䐀攀挀攀洀戀攀爀 ㈀㤀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㤀㔀Ⰰ ㄀㤀⸀㰀瀀㸀 ਀䨀漀栀渀猀漀渀Ⰰ 䐀漀爀漀琀栀礀 䴀⸀  㰀椀㸀䤀渀搀椀愀渀 䌀漀甀渀琀爀礀㰀⼀椀㸀⸀  䤀渀琀爀漀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀 戀礀 䨀愀挀欀 匀挀栀愀攀昀攀爀⸀  䰀椀渀挀漀氀渀㨀 University of Nebraska Press, 1995. Originally published by Ballantine Books in 1953.

਀

Contains two of Johnson's best-known stories: "The Man Who Shot Liberty਀嘀愀氀愀渀挀攀∀ 愀渀搀 ∀䄀 䴀愀渀 䌀愀氀氀攀搀 䠀漀爀猀攀Ⰰ∀ 眀栀椀挀栀 搀攀瀀椀挀琀猀 琀栀攀 氀椀昀攀 漀昀 愀 眀栀椀琀攀 captive in a Crow Indian camp. Both stories were adapted into highly਀猀甀挀挀攀猀猀昀甀氀 洀漀瘀椀攀猀⸀  䨀漀栀渀猀漀渀 眀爀漀琀攀 琀栀攀 䤀渀琀爀漀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀 㰀攀洀㸀吀栀攀 㰀⼀攀洀㸀㰀攀洀㸀匀栀漀爀琀 一漀瘀攀氀猀 漀昀 䨀愀挀欀 Schaefer.਀㰀⼀戀氀漀挀欀焀甀漀琀攀㸀 Kakutani, Michiko. "The Making of a Myth Who Rode Into the Sunset." Review of John਀圀愀礀渀攀✀猀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀㰀⼀椀㸀Ⰰ 戀礀 䜀愀爀爀礀 圀椀氀氀猀⸀  一攀眀 夀漀爀欀 吀椀洀攀猀Ⰰ 䘀攀戀爀甀愀爀礀 ㈀㔀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㤀㜀⸀㰀瀀㸀 ਀䬀椀洀戀愀氀氀Ⰰ 刀漀最攀爀⸀  ∀✀䠀攀琀攀爀漀琀攀砀琀甀愀氀椀琀礀✀ 愀渀搀 伀琀栀攀爀 䰀椀琀攀爀愀爀礀 䴀愀琀琀攀爀猀⸀∀  㰀椀㸀圀愀氀氀 匀琀爀攀攀琀 䨀漀甀爀渀愀氀㰀⼀椀㸀Ⰰ December 31, 1992.

਀ Lemann, Nicholas. "Tall in the Saddle." Review of Lonesome Dove, by Larry਀䴀挀䴀甀爀琀爀礀⸀  㰀椀㸀一攀眀 夀漀爀欀 吀椀洀攀猀 䈀漀漀欀 刀攀瘀椀攀眀㰀⼀椀㸀Ⰰ 䨀甀渀攀 㤀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㠀㔀⸀  㰀瀀㸀 ਀䰀攀猀礀Ⰰ 䴀椀挀栀愀攀氀⸀  㰀椀㸀圀椀猀挀漀渀猀椀渀 䐀攀愀琀栀 吀爀椀瀀㰀⼀椀㸀⸀  一攀眀 夀漀爀欀㨀  倀愀渀琀栀攀漀渀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㜀㌀⸀ 㰀瀀㸀 ਀㰀戀氀漀挀欀焀甀漀琀攀㸀倀攀爀椀漀搀 瀀栀漀琀漀最爀愀瀀栀猀 愀渀搀 渀攀眀猀 椀琀攀洀猀 挀栀爀漀渀椀挀氀椀渀最 氀椀昀攀 椀渀 愀 猀洀愀氀氀 昀爀漀渀琀椀攀爀 town in Wisconsin between 1890 and 1910. Lesy deliberately focuses on਀攀瀀椀搀攀洀椀挀猀Ⰰ 猀甀椀挀椀搀攀猀Ⰰ 椀渀猀愀渀椀琀椀攀猀Ⰰ 戀愀渀欀爀甀瀀琀挀椀攀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 攀愀爀氀礀 搀攀愀琀栀猀⸀

਀䰀椀洀攀爀椀挀欀Ⰰ 倀愀琀爀椀挀椀愀 一攀氀猀漀渀⸀  ∀圀栀攀爀攀 琀栀攀 伀愀琀猀 䐀漀渀✀琀 䜀爀漀眀 琀漀 倀攀爀昀攀挀琀椀漀渀⸀∀  刀攀瘀椀攀眀 漀昀 㰀椀㸀䈀愀搀 Land, by Jonathan Raban. Times Literary Supplement, February 28, 1997.

਀ ------. "Circling the Wagons." Review of American Frontiers: Cultural Encounters and਀䌀漀渀琀椀渀攀渀琀愀氀 䌀漀渀焀甀攀猀琀㰀⼀椀㸀Ⰰ 戀礀 䜀爀攀最漀爀礀 䠀⸀ 一漀猀氀攀猀⸀  㰀椀㸀一攀眀 夀漀爀欀 吀椀洀攀猀 䈀漀漀欀 刀攀瘀椀攀眀㰀⼀椀㸀Ⰰ 䴀愀爀挀栀 ㄀㘀Ⰰ 1997.

਀ Maguire, James H. Introduction to J. Golden Taylor, ed., A Literary History of the਀䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀渀 圀攀猀琀㰀⼀椀㸀Ⰰ ㌀ⴀ㜀⸀  㰀瀀㸀 ਀ⴀⴀⴀⴀⴀⴀⰀ 愀渀搀 䨀愀挀欀 一愀挀栀戀愀爀⸀  ∀吀栀攀 䴀漀搀攀爀渀 倀漀瀀甀氀愀爀 圀攀猀琀攀爀渀㨀 刀愀搀椀漀Ⰰ 吀攀氀攀瘀椀猀椀漀渀Ⰰ 䘀椀氀洀 愀渀搀 Print," in J. Golden Taylor, ed., A Literary History of the American West, 1263-1282.

਀ McMurtry, Larry. "How the West Was Won or Lost." New Republic, October 22, 1990,਀㌀㈀ⴀ㌀㠀⸀    㰀瀀㸀 ਀ⴀⴀⴀⴀⴀⴀ⸀  㰀椀㸀䰀漀渀攀猀漀洀攀 䐀漀瘀攀㰀⼀椀㸀⸀  一攀眀 夀漀爀欀㨀  倀漀挀欀攀琀 䈀漀漀欀猀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㠀㘀⸀  㰀瀀㸀 ਀䴀挀倀栀攀爀猀漀渀Ⰰ 䨀愀洀攀猀 䴀⸀  㰀椀㸀䘀漀爀 䌀愀甀猀攀 愀渀搀 䌀漀洀爀愀搀攀猀㨀 圀栀礀 䴀攀渀 䘀漀甀最栀琀 椀渀 琀栀攀 䌀椀瘀椀氀 圀愀爀㰀⼀椀㸀⸀  伀砀昀漀爀搀 University Press, 1997.

਀

See review by Russell F. Weigley.਀㰀⼀戀氀漀挀欀焀甀漀琀攀㸀 Milner, Clyde A., II, Carol A. O'Connor, and Martha A. Sandweiss, eds. The Oxford਀䠀椀猀琀漀爀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀渀 圀攀猀琀㰀⼀椀㸀⸀  一攀眀 夀漀爀欀㨀 伀砀昀漀爀搀 唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀 倀爀攀猀猀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㤀㐀⸀              㰀瀀㸀 ਀㰀戀氀漀挀欀焀甀漀琀攀㸀匀攀攀Ⰰ 攀猀瀀攀挀椀愀氀氀礀Ⰰ 䌀栀愀瀀琀攀爀 ㈀　 ⠀∀吀栀攀 䰀椀琀攀爀愀爀礀 圀攀猀琀∀⤀ 愀渀搀 䌀栀愀瀀琀攀爀 ㈀㈀ ⠀∀匀攀氀氀椀渀最 the Popular Myth") for their extensive bibliographic notes. ਀㰀⼀戀氀漀挀欀焀甀漀琀攀㸀 Myerson, Allen R. "Following Capt. McMurtry, Take by Take." New York Times, May਀㄀㈀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㤀㘀⸀  㰀瀀㸀 ਀一椀挀栀漀氀氀猀Ⰰ 刀椀挀栀愀爀搀 䔀⸀  ∀✀圀攀猀琀眀愀爀搀 䤀 䜀漀 䘀爀攀攀⸀✀∀ 伀瀀ⴀ攀搀 愀爀琀椀挀氀攀⸀  㰀椀㸀一攀眀 夀漀爀欀 吀椀洀攀猀㰀⼀椀㸀Ⰰ 䄀瀀爀椀氀 ㄀㈀Ⰰ 1996.

਀ O'Connor, John J. "A Lonesome Dove Sequel by McMurtry Himself." Review of "Larry਀䴀挀䴀甀爀琀爀礀✀猀 匀琀爀攀攀琀猀 漀昀 䰀愀爀攀搀漀∀ ⠀琀攀氀攀瘀椀猀椀漀渀 洀椀渀椀猀攀爀椀攀猀⤀Ⰰ 㰀椀㸀一攀眀 夀漀爀欀 吀椀洀攀猀㰀⼀椀㸀Ⰰ 一漀瘀攀洀戀攀爀 ㄀　Ⰰ 1995.

਀ Ott, Bill. "What America Reads: Myth Making in Popular Fiction." American Library਀䄀猀猀漀挀椀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㠀㐀⸀  倀愀洀瀀栀氀攀琀⸀  㰀瀀㸀 ਀倀愀礀渀攀Ⰰ 刀漀戀攀爀琀⸀  㰀椀㸀吀栀攀 䌀栀椀攀昀琀愀椀渀㨀  䄀 匀琀漀爀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀 一攀稀 倀攀爀挀攀 倀攀漀瀀氀攀㰀⼀椀㸀⸀  一攀眀 夀漀爀欀㨀 倀爀攀渀琀椀挀攀ⴀ䠀愀氀氀Ⰰ 1953.

਀

About Chief Joseph (1840-1904), the great Indian leader who inspired Jack਀匀挀栀愀攀昀攀爀✀猀 猀琀漀爀礀 ∀䨀愀挀漀戀⸀∀

਀倀漀爀琀攀爀Ⰰ 匀甀猀愀渀⸀  ∀䈀愀挀欀 椀渀 琀栀攀 匀愀搀搀氀攀 䄀最愀椀渀⸀∀  㰀椀㸀圀爀椀琀攀爀✀猀 䐀椀最攀猀琀㰀⼀椀㸀Ⰰ 䄀甀最甀猀琀 ㄀㤀㤀㌀Ⰰ 㐀㐀ⴀ㐀㤀⸀ 㰀瀀㸀 ਀刀愀戀愀渀Ⰰ 䨀漀渀愀琀栀愀渀⸀  㰀椀㸀䈀愀搀 䰀愀渀搀㨀 䄀渀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀渀 刀漀洀愀渀挀攀㰀⼀椀㸀⸀  䰀漀渀搀漀渀㨀 倀椀挀愀搀漀爀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㤀㜀⸀ 㰀瀀㸀 ਀㰀戀氀漀挀欀焀甀漀琀攀㸀匀攀攀 爀攀瘀椀攀眀猀 戀礀 䰀椀洀攀爀椀挀欀Ⰰ 愀戀漀瘀攀⸀  

਀刀愀渀搀Ⰰ 䄀礀渀⸀  ∀䄀爀琀 愀渀搀 匀攀渀猀攀 漀昀 䰀椀昀攀⸀∀  䤀渀 㰀椀㸀吀栀攀 刀漀洀愀渀琀椀挀 䴀愀渀椀昀攀猀琀漀㰀⼀椀㸀Ⰰ ㌀㐀ⴀ㐀㐀⸀  㰀瀀㸀 ਀ⴀⴀⴀⴀⴀⴀ⸀  ∀䈀愀猀椀挀 倀爀椀渀挀椀瀀氀攀猀 漀昀 䰀椀琀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀⸀∀  䤀渀 㰀椀㸀吀栀攀 刀漀洀愀渀琀椀挀 䴀愀渀椀昀攀猀琀漀㰀⼀椀㸀Ⰰ 㠀　ⴀ㤀㠀⸀㰀瀀㸀 ਀ⴀⴀⴀⴀⴀⴀ⸀  ∀䤀渀琀爀漀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀 琀漀 一椀渀攀琀礀ⴀ吀栀爀攀攀⸀∀  䤀渀 㰀椀㸀吀栀攀 刀漀洀愀渀琀椀挀 䴀愀渀椀昀攀猀琀漀㰀⼀椀㸀Ⰰ ㄀㔀㌀ⴀ㘀㄀⸀  伀爀椀最椀渀愀氀氀礀 published in Victor Hugo, Ninety-Three, translated by Lowell Bair (New York: Bantam,਀㄀㤀㘀㈀⤀⸀㰀瀀㸀 ਀ⴀⴀⴀⴀⴀⴀ⸀  ∀倀栀椀氀漀猀漀瀀栀礀 愀渀搀 匀攀渀猀攀 漀昀 䰀椀昀攀⸀∀  䤀渀 㰀椀㸀吀栀攀 刀漀洀愀渀琀椀挀 䴀愀渀椀昀攀猀琀漀㰀⼀椀㸀Ⰰ ㈀㔀ⴀ㌀㌀⸀㰀瀀㸀 ਀ⴀⴀⴀⴀⴀⴀ⸀  㰀椀㸀吀栀攀 刀漀洀愀渀琀椀挀 䴀愀渀椀昀攀猀琀漀㨀  䄀 倀栀椀氀漀猀漀瀀栀礀 漀昀 䰀椀琀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀㰀⼀椀㸀⸀  刀攀瘀椀猀攀搀 攀搀⸀  一攀眀 夀漀爀欀㨀  Signet, 1975.

਀

Includes Rand's essays on the philosophy of art (by which she means the਀∀昀椀渀攀 愀爀琀猀Ⰰ∀ 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 氀椀琀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀⤀⸀

਀ⴀⴀⴀⴀⴀⴀ⸀  ∀吀栀攀 匀椀洀瀀氀攀猀琀 吀栀椀渀最 椀渀 琀栀攀 圀漀爀氀搀㨀 䄀 匀栀漀爀琀 匀琀漀爀礀⸀∀  䤀渀 㰀椀㸀吀栀攀 刀漀洀愀渀琀椀挀 䴀愀渀椀昀攀猀琀漀㰀⼀椀㸀Ⰰ 173-85.

਀

Illustrates the role of sense of life in the writing of fiction.਀㰀⼀戀氀漀挀欀焀甀漀琀攀㸀 ------. The Virtue of Selfishness: A New Concept of Egoism. New York: Signet, 1964.

਀ Reed, Rex. "On the Town with Rex Reed." Review of Unforgiven (film). New York਀伀戀猀攀爀瘀攀爀Ⰰ 䄀甀最甀猀琀 ㈀㐀ⴀ㌀㄀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㤀㈀⸀  㰀瀀㸀 ਀刀栀攀愀Ⰰ 䜀漀爀搀漀渀 䌀⸀  㰀椀㸀吀栀攀 䈀愀琀琀氀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 圀椀氀搀攀爀渀攀猀猀㰀⼀椀㸀Ⰰ 䴀愀礀 㔀ⴀ㘀Ⰰ ㄀㠀㘀㐀⸀  䈀愀琀漀渀 刀漀甀最攀㨀 䰀漀甀椀猀椀愀渀愀 State University Press, 1994.

਀

A dramatically detailed account of the Civil War battle central to Jack਀匀挀栀愀攀昀攀爀✀猀 䌀漀洀瀀愀渀礀 漀昀 䌀漀眀愀爀搀猀⸀ 

਀刀椀攀昀昀Ⰰ 䐀愀瘀椀搀⸀  ∀刀椀搀攀 ✀䔀洀Ⰰ 䌀漀眀戀漀礀℀  刀漀搀攀漀猀 愀渀搀 刀攀愀氀椀琀礀⸀∀  刀攀瘀椀攀眀 漀昀 㰀椀㸀䈀椀琀椀渀最 琀栀攀 䐀甀猀琀㨀 吀栀攀 Wild Ride and Dark Romance of the Rodeo Cowboy and the American West, by Dirk Johnson. ਀一攀眀 夀漀爀欀 吀椀洀攀猀Ⰰ 䐀攀挀攀洀戀攀爀 ㄀㌀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㤀㐀⸀  㰀瀀㸀 ਀刀漀戀攀爀琀猀Ⰰ 䴀漀渀琀礀⸀  㰀椀㸀吀栀攀 䴀愀渀 圀栀漀 䰀椀猀琀攀渀猀 琀漀 䠀漀爀猀攀猀㰀⼀椀㸀⸀    䠀甀琀挀栀椀渀猀漀渀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㤀㘀⸀㰀瀀㸀 ਀刀漀戀攀爀琀猀Ⰰ 䴀漀爀爀椀猀⸀  䤀渀琀爀漀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀 琀漀 䠀攀渀爀礀 䨀愀洀攀猀Ⰰ 㰀椀㸀吀栀攀 䄀爀琀 漀昀 䘀椀挀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 伀琀栀攀爀 䔀猀猀愀礀猀㰀⼀椀㸀 ⠀一攀眀 York: Oxford University Press, 1948).

਀ Rölvaag, Ole. Giants of the Earth: A Saga of the Prairie. 1927.

਀

Rölvaag was a Norwegian who immigrated to South Dakota as a young਀洀愀渀 椀渀 ㄀㠀㤀㘀⸀  䤀渀 琀栀攀 眀漀爀搀猀 漀昀 䌀愀爀漀氀椀渀攀 䘀爀愀猀攀爀Ⰰ 栀椀猀 渀漀瘀攀氀 ∀琀攀氀氀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 眀椀昀攀 漀昀 an emigrant who was driven to religious madness by her hatred and fear of਀琀栀攀 攀洀瀀琀礀 猀瀀愀挀攀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 瀀氀愀椀渀猀⸀∀  ∀吀栀攀 倀爀愀椀爀椀攀 儀甀攀攀渀Ⰰ∀ ㌀㠀⸀

਀匀愀爀爀椀猀Ⰰ 䄀渀搀爀攀眀⸀  ∀䔀愀猀琀眀漀漀搀✀猀 刀漀洀愀渀琀椀挀 戀甀琀 刀攀愀氀椀猀琀椀挀 唀渀昀漀爀最椀瘀攀渀 䠀椀琀猀 琀栀攀 䴀愀爀欀⸀∀  Review of film. New York Observer, August 24--31, 1992.

਀ Savage, William W., ed. Cowboy Life: Reconstructing an American Myth. Norman: ਀唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀 漀昀 伀欀氀愀栀漀洀愀 倀爀攀猀猀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㜀㔀⸀    㰀瀀㸀 ਀匀挀栀愀攀昀攀爀Ⰰ 䨀愀挀欀⸀  㰀椀㸀䄀渀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀渀 䈀攀猀琀椀愀爀礀㰀⼀椀㸀⸀  䘀漀爀攀眀漀爀搀 戀礀 䨀愀洀攀猀 匀⸀ 䘀椀渀搀氀攀礀⸀  䈀漀猀琀漀渀㨀  Houghton Mifflin, 1975.

਀ ------. The Canyon. New York: Bantam Books, 1968. Originally published by਀䠀漀甀最栀琀漀渀 䴀椀昀昀氀椀渀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㔀㌀⸀  嬀伀倀崀  㰀瀀㸀 ਀ⴀⴀⴀⴀⴀⴀ⸀  䌀漀氀氀攀挀琀攀搀 倀愀瀀攀爀猀Ⰰ 䤀渀瘀攀渀琀漀爀礀⸀  䄀挀挀攀猀猀椀漀渀 ⌀㐀㌀　⸀  䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀渀 䠀攀爀椀琀愀最攀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀Ⰰ University of Wyoming at Laramie.

਀ ------. The Collected Stories of Jack Schaefer. Introduction by Winfield Townley Scott.਀䈀漀猀琀漀渀㨀  䠀漀甀最栀琀漀渀 䴀椀昀昀氀椀渀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㘀㘀⸀  嬀伀倀崀㰀瀀㸀 ਀ⴀⴀⴀⴀⴀⴀ⸀  㰀椀㸀䌀漀洀瀀愀渀礀 漀昀 䌀漀眀愀爀搀猀㰀⼀椀㸀⸀  一攀眀 夀漀爀欀㨀  䈀愀渀琀愀洀 䈀漀漀欀猀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㜀　⸀  伀爀椀最椀渀愀氀氀礀 瀀甀戀氀椀猀栀攀搀 戀礀 Houghton Mifflin, 1957. [OP]

਀ ------. Conversations with a Pocket Gopher and Other Outspoken Neighbors. Illustrated by਀䤀爀攀渀攀 䈀爀愀搀礀⸀  匀愀渀琀愀 䈀愀爀戀愀爀愀Ⰰ 䌀愀氀椀昀⸀㨀  䌀愀瀀爀愀 倀爀攀猀猀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㜀㠀⸀㰀瀀㸀 ਀ⴀⴀⴀⴀⴀⴀ⸀  㰀椀㸀䘀椀爀猀琀 䈀氀漀漀搀 愀渀搀 伀琀栀攀爀 匀琀漀爀椀攀猀㰀⼀椀㸀⸀  一攀眀 夀漀爀欀㨀 䈀愀渀琀愀洀 䈀漀漀欀猀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㜀　⸀ 嬀伀倀崀㰀瀀㸀 ਀㰀戀氀漀挀欀焀甀漀琀攀㸀吀栀椀猀 挀漀氀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀 洀愀礀 栀愀瘀攀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀搀 愀渀 䤀渀琀爀漀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀 戀礀 匀挀栀愀攀昀攀爀⸀  吀栀攀 猀栀漀爀琀 novel First Blood was first published by Houghton Mifflin in 1953.਀㰀⼀戀氀漀挀欀焀甀漀琀攀㸀 ------. Heroes without Glory: Some Good Men of the Old West. New York: Donald I.਀䘀椀渀攀Ⰰ 䤀渀挀⸀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㠀㜀⸀  䐀椀猀琀爀椀戀甀琀攀搀 戀礀 倀攀渀最甀椀渀 唀⸀ 匀⸀ 䄀⸀  伀爀椀最椀渀愀氀氀礀 瀀甀戀氀椀猀栀攀搀 戀礀 䠀漀甀最栀琀漀渀 Mifflin in 1965.

਀ ------. "If Stories Must Be Taught." In Stephen Dunning, Teaching Literature to਀䄀搀漀氀攀猀挀攀渀琀猀㨀 匀栀漀爀琀 匀琀漀爀椀攀猀㰀⼀椀㸀⸀  䜀氀攀渀瘀椀攀眀Ⰰ 䤀氀氀⸀㨀  匀挀漀琀琀Ⰰ 䘀漀爀攀猀洀愀渀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㘀㠀⸀  嬀伀倀崀㰀瀀㸀 ਀ⴀⴀⴀⴀⴀⴀ⸀  䤀渀琀爀漀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀 琀漀 䐀漀爀漀琀栀礀 䴀⸀ 䨀漀栀渀猀漀渀Ⰰ 㰀椀㸀䤀渀搀椀愀渀 䌀漀甀渀琀爀礀㰀⼀椀㸀 ⠀䰀椀渀挀漀氀渀㨀 唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀 漀昀 Nebraska Press, 1995).

਀ ------. "Jack Schaefer Comments on 'Stubby Pringle's Christmas.'" In Stephen਀䐀甀渀渀椀渀最Ⰰ 㰀椀㸀吀攀愀挀栀椀渀最 䰀椀琀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀 琀漀 䄀搀漀氀攀猀挀攀渀琀猀㨀 匀栀漀爀琀 匀琀漀爀椀攀猀㰀⼀椀㸀Ⰰ               ⸀  嬀伀倀崀㰀瀀㸀 ਀ⴀⴀⴀⴀⴀⴀ⸀  㰀椀㸀吀栀攀 䬀攀愀渀 䰀愀渀搀 愀渀搀 伀琀栀攀爀 匀琀漀爀椀攀猀㰀⼀椀㸀⸀  䤀渀琀爀漀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀 戀礀 䨀愀挀欀 匀挀栀愀攀昀攀爀⸀  一攀眀 夀漀爀欀㨀  Bantam Books, 1988. Originally published by Houghton Mifflin in 1959. [OP]

਀

In addition to The Kean Land, this volume contains the following works:਀∀匀琀愀氀攀洀愀琀攀Ⰰ∀ ∀一愀琀攀 䈀愀爀琀氀攀琀琀✀猀 匀琀漀爀攀Ⰰ∀ ∀吀栀攀 伀氀搀 䴀愀渀Ⰰ∀ ∀吀栀攀 䌀漀甀瀀 漀昀 䰀漀渀最 Lance," "Enos Carr," and "The Fifth Man." ਀㰀⼀戀氀漀挀欀焀甀漀琀攀㸀 ------. Mavericks. Illustrated by Lorence Bjorklund. London: Andre Deutsch, 1968. ਀伀爀椀最椀渀愀氀氀礀 瀀甀戀氀椀猀栀攀搀 戀礀 䠀漀甀最栀琀漀渀 䴀椀昀昀氀椀渀 椀渀 ㄀㤀㘀㜀⸀  嬀伀倀崀㰀瀀㸀 ਀ⴀⴀⴀⴀⴀⴀ⸀  㰀椀㸀䴀漀渀琀攀 圀愀氀猀栀㰀⼀椀㸀⸀  䰀椀渀挀漀氀渀㨀  唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀 漀昀 一攀戀爀愀猀欀愀 倀爀攀猀猀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㠀㄀⸀  伀爀椀最椀渀愀氀氀礀 published by Houghton Mifflin in 1963.

਀ ------. The Movies and the People Who Make Them (periodical). Vols. 1-3, No. 2. New਀䠀愀瘀攀渀㨀 吀栀攀愀琀爀攀 倀愀琀爀漀渀猀Ⰰ 䤀渀挀⸀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㌀㤀ⴀ㐀㄀⸀㰀瀀㸀 ਀ⴀⴀⴀⴀⴀⴀ⸀  ∀䄀 一攀眀 䐀椀爀攀挀琀椀漀渀⸀∀  䤀渀 䨀愀洀攀猀 䌀⸀ 圀漀爀欀Ⰰ 攀搀⸀Ⰰ 㰀椀㸀匀栀愀渀攀㨀 吀栀攀 䌀爀椀琀椀挀愀氀 䔀搀椀琀椀漀渀㰀⼀椀㸀Ⰰ 㐀㈀㄀ⴀ㌀　⸀  Originally published in Western American Literature (Winter 1976).

਀

Address given before the Western Literary Association.਀㰀⼀戀氀漀挀欀焀甀漀琀攀㸀 ------. Old Ramon. Illustrated by Harold West. New York: Walker, 1993. Originally਀瀀甀戀氀椀猀栀攀搀 戀礀 䠀漀甀最栀琀漀渀 䴀椀昀昀氀椀渀 椀渀 ㄀㤀㘀　⸀    㰀瀀㸀 ਀ⴀⴀⴀⴀⴀⴀ⸀  㰀椀㸀匀栀愀渀攀㰀⼀椀㸀⸀  一攀眀 夀漀爀欀㨀  䈀愀渀琀愀洀 䈀漀漀欀猀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㠀　⸀  伀爀椀最椀渀愀氀氀礀 瀀甀戀氀椀猀栀攀搀 戀礀 䠀漀甀最栀琀漀渀 Mifflin in 1949.

਀ ------. Shane. Edited by Margaret Early. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1964. [OP]

਀ An expurgated school edition, including superfluous, often absurd advice for teachers.

਀ ------. Shane: The Critical Edition. Edited by James C. Work. Lincoln: University of਀一攀戀爀愀猀欀愀 倀爀攀猀猀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㠀㐀⸀㰀瀀㸀 ਀ⴀⴀⴀⴀⴀⴀ⸀  㰀椀㸀吀栀攀 匀栀漀爀琀 一漀瘀攀氀猀 漀昀 䨀愀挀欀 匀挀栀愀攀昀攀爀㰀⼀椀㸀⸀  䤀渀琀爀漀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀 戀礀 䐀漀爀漀琀栀礀 䴀⸀ 䨀漀栀渀猀漀渀⸀  䈀漀猀琀漀渀㨀  Houghton Mifflin, 1967. [OP]

਀

Includes Shane, The Canyon, First Blood, Company of Cowards, and The Kean਀䰀愀渀搀㰀⼀椀㸀⸀

਀ⴀⴀⴀⴀⴀⴀⰀ 攀搀⸀  㰀椀㸀伀甀琀 圀攀猀琀㨀 䄀渀 䄀渀琀栀漀氀漀最礀 漀昀 匀琀漀爀椀攀猀㰀⼀椀㸀⸀  䈀漀猀琀漀渀㨀 䠀漀甀最栀琀漀渀 䴀椀昀昀氀椀渀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㔀㔀⸀㰀瀀㸀 ਀匀挀漀琀琀Ⰰ 圀椀渀昀椀攀氀搀 吀漀眀渀氀攀礀⸀  䤀渀琀爀漀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀 琀漀 㰀椀㸀吀栀攀 䌀漀氀氀攀挀琀攀搀 匀琀漀爀椀攀猀 漀昀 䨀愀挀欀 匀挀栀愀攀昀攀爀㰀⼀椀㸀⸀㰀瀀㸀 ਀匀攀瘀攀爀漀Ⰰ 刀椀挀栀愀爀搀⸀  ∀䄀⸀ 䈀⸀ 䜀甀琀栀爀椀攀Ⰰ 䨀爀⸀∀  伀戀椀琀甀愀爀礀⸀  㰀椀㸀一攀眀 夀漀爀欀 吀椀洀攀猀㰀⼀椀㸀Ⰰ 䄀瀀爀椀氀 ㈀㜀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㤀㄀⸀  㰀瀀㸀 ਀㰀戀氀漀挀欀焀甀漀琀攀㸀䜀甀琀栀爀椀攀 眀爀漀琀攀 琀栀攀 猀挀爀攀攀渀瀀氀愀礀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 昀椀氀洀 瘀攀爀猀椀漀渀 漀昀 匀栀愀渀攀 愀渀搀 眀漀渀 愀 Pulitzer Prize for his novel The Way West.਀㰀⼀戀氀漀挀欀焀甀漀琀攀㸀 Seidman, Michael. "Choosing Your Genre: The Western." Writer's Digest, July 1992, 27.

਀ Shaara, Michael. The Killer Angels. Originally published by Random House in 1974.

਀

Pulitzer-Prize winning novel about the Civil War.਀㰀⼀戀氀漀挀欀焀甀漀琀攀㸀 Simonson, Harold P. "Frederick Jackson Turner: Frontier as Symbol." In Beyond the਀䘀爀漀渀琀椀攀爀㨀 圀爀椀琀攀爀猀Ⰰ 圀攀猀琀攀爀渀 刀攀最椀漀渀愀氀椀猀洀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 愀 匀攀渀猀攀 漀昀 倀氀愀挀攀㰀⼀椀㸀⸀  䘀漀爀琀 圀漀爀琀栀㨀  吀攀砀愀猀 䌀栀爀椀猀琀椀愀渀 University Press, 1989.

਀ Slocum, J. David. "On the Wild Frontier." Review of Violent Land: Single Men and Social਀䐀椀猀漀爀搀攀爀 䘀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 䘀爀漀渀琀椀攀爀 琀漀 琀栀攀 䤀渀渀攀爀 䌀椀琀礀㰀⼀椀㸀Ⰰ 戀礀 䐀愀瘀椀搀 吀⸀ 䌀漀甀爀琀眀爀椀最栀琀⸀㰀瀀㸀 ਀匀洀椀琀栀Ⰰ 䴀椀挀栀愀攀氀⸀  ∀刀攀攀氀 倀漀氀椀琀椀欀㨀 䜀爀攀愀琀 䌀漀渀猀攀爀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 䌀椀渀攀洀愀⸀∀  㰀椀㸀倀漀氀椀挀礀 刀攀瘀椀攀眀㰀⼀椀㸀Ⰰ 䘀愀氀氀 ㄀㤀㤀㐀⸀㰀瀀㸀 ਀匀琀攀最渀攀爀Ⰰ 倀愀最攀⸀  ∀吀栀攀 倀氀愀椀渀猀 吀栀愀琀 䈀爀漀欀攀 琀栀攀 倀氀漀眀⸀∀  刀攀瘀椀攀眀 漀昀 㰀椀㸀䈀愀搀 䰀愀渀搀㨀 䄀渀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀渀 Romance by Jonathan Raban. New York Review of Books, February 6, 1997, 32-34.

਀ Stegner, Wallace. Collected Stories of Wallace Stegner. New York: Penguin Books, 1991.

਀ ------. "History, Myth, and the Western Writer." In The Sound of Western Water.

਀ Stevens, Mark. "Chief Joseph's Revenge." New Yorker, August 8, 1994, 26-33.

਀

About the retreat led by the renowned Indian chief who was the਀椀渀猀瀀椀爀愀琀椀漀渀 昀漀爀 䨀愀挀欀 匀挀栀愀攀昀攀爀✀猀 ∀䨀愀挀漀戀⸀∀  䤀渀挀氀甀搀攀猀 琀栀攀 戀爀椀攀昀 琀攀砀琀 漀昀 栀椀猀 legendary battlefield speech--which, the author observes, "fully deserves਀挀漀洀瀀愀爀椀猀漀渀 眀椀琀栀 䰀椀渀挀漀氀渀✀猀 䜀攀琀琀礀猀戀甀爀最 䄀搀搀爀攀猀猀⸀∀  䘀椀渀攀 瀀栀漀琀漀最爀愀瀀栀 漀昀 䌀栀椀攀昀 Joseph.਀㰀⼀戀氀漀挀欀焀甀漀琀攀㸀 Sutherland, John. "Enjoyable Carpings." Review of Peter Parker, ed., The Reader's਀䌀漀洀瀀愀渀椀漀渀 琀漀 琀栀攀 ㈀　琀栀ⴀ䌀攀渀琀甀爀礀 一漀瘀攀氀㰀⼀椀㸀⸀  㰀椀㸀吀椀洀攀猀 䰀椀琀攀爀愀爀礀 匀甀瀀瀀氀攀洀攀渀琀㰀⼀椀㸀Ⰰ 䄀瀀爀椀氀 ㈀㄀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㤀㔀⸀  㰀瀀㸀 ਀ⴀⴀⴀⴀⴀⴀ⸀  ∀吀愀爀稀愀渀 椀渀 䌀栀愀瀀猀⸀∀  刀攀瘀椀攀眀 漀昀 琀栀爀攀攀 戀漀漀欀猀 戀礀 圀攀猀琀攀爀渀 瀀甀氀瀀ⴀ昀椀挀琀椀漀渀 眀爀椀琀攀爀  䴀愀砀 Brand, and three autobiographical books by Ralph Moody. Times Literary Supplement.

਀ Thompson, Laura. "Talking Horse." Review of The Man Who Listens to Horses by Monte਀刀漀戀攀爀琀猀⸀  㰀椀㸀吀椀洀攀猀 䰀椀琀攀爀愀爀礀 匀甀瀀瀀氀攀洀攀渀琀㰀⼀椀㸀Ⰰ 䐀攀挀攀洀戀攀爀 㘀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㤀㘀Ⰰ ㈀㜀⸀㰀瀀㸀 ਀吀栀爀愀氀氀Ⰰ 圀椀氀氀椀愀洀 䘀氀椀渀琀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 䄀搀搀椀猀漀渀 䠀椀戀戀愀爀搀⸀  㰀椀㸀䄀 䠀愀渀搀戀漀漀欀 琀漀 䰀椀琀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀㰀⼀椀㸀⸀ 刀攀瘀椀猀攀搀 愀渀搀 enlarged by C. Hugh Holman. New York: Odyssey Press, 1960. First published in਀㄀㤀㌀㘀⸀ 㰀瀀㸀 ਀吀漀爀爀攀猀Ⰰ 䰀漀甀椀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 䴀椀挀栀攀氀氀攀 䴀愀爀搀攀爀 䬀愀洀栀椀⸀  ∀䄀礀渀 刀愀渀搀✀猀 倀栀椀氀漀猀漀瀀栀礀 漀昀 䄀爀琀㨀 䄀 䌀爀椀琀椀挀愀氀 Introduction." Aristos, Vol. 5, Nos. 2-5 (1991-92).

਀ ------. What Art Is: The Esthetic Theory of Ayn Rand (forthcoming). Chicago: Open਀䌀漀甀爀琀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㤀㠀⸀    㰀瀀㸀 ਀吀甀爀渀攀爀Ⰰ 䘀爀攀搀攀爀椀挀欀 䨀愀挀欀猀漀渀⸀  㰀椀㸀吀栀攀 䘀爀漀渀琀椀攀爀 椀渀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀渀 䠀椀猀琀漀爀礀㰀⼀椀㸀⸀  䘀漀爀攀眀漀爀搀 戀礀 刀愀礀 䄀氀氀攀渀 Billington. Huntington, New York: Robert E. Krieger: 1976.

਀ ------. Rereading Frederick Jackson Turner: "The Significance of the Frontier in American਀䠀椀猀琀漀爀礀∀ 愀渀搀 伀琀栀攀爀 䔀猀猀愀礀猀㰀⼀椀㸀⸀  䤀渀琀爀漀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀 戀礀 䨀漀栀渀 䴀愀挀欀 䘀愀爀愀最栀攀爀⸀  一攀眀 夀漀爀欀㨀 䠀攀渀爀礀 Holt, 1994.

਀ Tuska, Jon, and Vicki Piekarski, eds. Encyclopedia of Frontier and Western Fiction. New਀夀漀爀欀㨀 䴀挀䜀爀愀眀ⴀ䠀椀氀氀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㠀㌀⸀㰀瀀㸀 ਀ⴀⴀⴀⴀⴀⴀ⸀  㰀椀㸀䔀渀挀礀挀氀漀瀀攀搀椀愀 漀昀 䘀爀漀渀琀椀攀爀 愀渀搀 圀攀猀琀攀爀渀 䘀椀挀琀椀漀渀㰀⼀椀㸀⸀  ㈀渀搀 攀搀⸀ 䰀椀渀挀漀氀渀㨀 唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀 漀昀 Nebraska Press (Forthcoming, 1999).

਀

The Schaefer entry is based on "Jack Schaefer, Teller of Tales," by Louis਀吀漀爀爀攀猀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 愀瀀瀀攀愀爀攀搀 椀渀 㰀攀洀㸀䄀爀椀猀琀漀猀㰀⼀攀洀㸀Ⰰ 伀挀琀漀戀攀爀 愀渀搀 䐀攀挀攀洀戀攀爀 ㄀㤀㤀㘀⸀

਀吀甀琀琀氀攀琀漀渀Ⰰ 䨀愀洀攀猀 圀⸀  ∀倀爀椀搀攀 愀渀搀 匀栀愀洀攀㨀 吀栀攀 圀椀渀渀椀渀最 漀昀 琀栀攀 圀攀猀琀⸀∀  㰀椀㸀吀栀攀 一攀眀 䌀爀椀琀攀爀椀漀渀㰀⼀椀㸀Ⰰ October 1996. (See also "The Myths of 'The West,'" in Notes and Comments of this਀椀猀猀甀攀⸀⤀㰀瀀㸀 ਀圀攀椀最氀攀礀Ⰰ 刀甀猀猀攀氀氀 䘀⸀  ∀䌀漀甀爀愀最攀 漀昀 吀栀攀椀爀 䌀漀渀瘀椀挀琀椀漀渀猀㨀 䄀 䐀椀猀猀攀渀琀椀渀最 嘀椀攀眀 漀渀 圀栀愀琀 䰀攀搀 Civil War Soldiers to Fight." New York Times Book Review, March 1997.

਀ Werner, Emmy E. Pioneer Children on the Journey West. Boulder, Colorado: Westview,਀㄀㤀㤀㜀⸀ 㰀瀀㸀 ਀㰀戀氀漀挀欀焀甀漀琀攀㸀匀攀攀 爀攀瘀椀攀眀 戀礀 䬀攀渀渀攀琀栀 䄀渀搀攀爀猀漀渀⸀

਀圀攀猀琀戀爀漀漀欀Ⰰ 䴀愀砀⸀  倀爀攀昀愀挀攀 琀漀 䨀⸀ 䜀漀氀搀攀渀 吀愀礀氀漀爀Ⰰ 攀搀⸀Ⰰ 㰀攀洀㸀䄀 䰀椀琀攀爀愀爀礀 䠀椀猀琀漀爀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀渀 West, xv-xx.

਀ Wheeler, Richard S. "The Best in the West". Roundup, 9.

਀ Williamson, Chilton, Jr. "Big Little House in American Literature." Chronicles,਀一漀瘀攀洀戀攀爀 ㄀㤀㤀㄀Ⰰ ㈀　ⴀ㈀㔀⸀  㰀瀀㸀 ਀㰀戀氀漀挀欀焀甀漀琀攀㸀䄀戀漀甀琀 琀栀攀 昀椀挀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 䰀愀甀爀愀 䤀渀最愀氀氀猀 圀椀氀搀攀爀⸀  

਀圀椀氀氀猀Ⰰ 䜀愀爀礀⸀  ∀䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀渀 䄀搀愀洀⸀∀  㰀攀洀㸀一攀眀 夀漀爀欀 刀攀瘀椀攀眀 漀昀 䈀漀漀欀猀㰀⼀攀洀㸀Ⰰ 䴀愀爀挀栀 㘀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㤀㜀Ⰰ ㌀　ⴀ㌀㌀⸀㰀瀀㸀 ਀㰀戀氀漀挀欀焀甀漀琀攀㸀圀椀氀氀猀 愀琀琀爀椀戀甀琀攀猀 䨀漀栀渀 圀愀礀渀攀✀猀 攀渀搀甀爀椀渀最 瀀漀瀀甀氀愀爀椀琀礀 琀漀 琀栀攀 昀愀挀琀 琀栀愀琀 栀攀 "embodies the American myth."਀㰀⼀戀氀漀挀欀焀甀漀琀攀㸀 ------. John Wayne's America: The Politics of Celebrity. New York: Simon and Schuster,਀㄀㤀㤀㜀⸀㰀瀀㸀 ਀㰀戀氀漀挀欀焀甀漀琀攀㸀䤀渀挀氀甀搀攀猀 ∀䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀渀 䄀搀愀洀Ⰰ∀ 挀椀琀攀搀 愀戀漀瘀攀⸀

਀圀漀漀搀Ⰰ 䴀椀挀栀愀攀氀⸀  ∀䨀漀栀渀 圀愀礀渀攀 䄀最漀渀椀猀琀攀猀⸀∀  㰀瀀㸀 ਀㰀戀氀漀挀欀焀甀漀琀攀㸀刀攀瘀椀攀眀 漀昀 㰀攀洀㸀䨀漀栀渀 圀愀礀渀攀✀猀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀㰀⼀攀洀㸀㰀椀㸀Ⰰ 㰀⼀椀㸀戀礀 䜀愀爀礀 圀椀氀氀猀⸀  㰀攀洀㸀一攀眀 夀漀爀欀 刀攀瘀椀攀眀 漀昀 䈀漀漀欀猀㰀⼀攀洀㸀Ⰰ April 24, 1997, 30-32.਀㰀⼀戀氀漀挀欀焀甀漀琀攀㸀 Worcester, Don. The Chisholm Trail. New York: Indian Head Books, 1994.

਀

An interesting and informative volume (includes notes, bibliography, and਀椀渀搀攀砀⤀ 椀氀氀甀猀琀爀愀琀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀 瀀栀漀琀漀最爀愀瀀栀猀⸀ 

਀㰀瀀㸀 ਀㰀栀爀㸀

਀ || Schaefer home page || Schaefer Update || Aristos home page||

਀

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